Economics focus: Put out

Uncertainty over the size of the output gap complicates the task of central banks HAVING raised the alarm on deflation, the Federal Reserve has now begun to sound the all clear. The statement it released after its policy meeting on June 24th notably omitted the warning from its three prior meetings that “inflation could persist for a time below rates that best foster economic growth and price stability”. To be sure, with the economy gradually finding a bottom and the rate of decline in home prices slowing, the chances of a downward spiral of deflation and economic activity have diminished. Yet it seems premature to write off the threat as long as a large output gap persists. The output gap is the difference between actual economic output and the most the economy could produce given the capital, know-how and people available. When actual output exceeds potential, demand for products and labour bids up prices and wages, fuelling inflation. When actual output falls short, competition for ... (link)